You should read the Wikipedia page for a brief intro : Ice Age
The dominant factor is ocean currents which are controlled by tectonic plate movements.
The tectonic plates also create mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas, which also affect atmospheric flow of heat and water vapour.
The sun is considered to be a constant (as one NASA model I am aware of treats the sun).
Volcanoes are acknowleged to have significantly increased CO2.
It's not as straightforward as blaming only CO2 or only the sun.
There are several factors, each of varying importance, and when some of them occur at approximately the same time the climate changes.
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